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Stuffing box: Allows piston rod to move freely up and down while:
1) Preventing leakage of scavenge air and underpiston oil/sludge from leaking down into crankcase
2) Preventing leakage of crankcase oil upwards towards underpiston spaceTelescopic pipe:
Crosshead: Changes piston up-down motion -> swinging action of connecting rod
1) Upper end of con. rod is attached to crosshead pin (with lubricated crosshead bearings)
2) Lower end of con. rod is attached to crank pin (with lubricated crankpin bearings)Guides (FWD and AFT): Guide shoes (fitted to crosshead) runs in set of guide bars
1) Counters the crosshead side trust (due to con. rod angularity during rotation)
2) Prevents piston from rubbing against cylinder liner wall
3) Accommodates side thrust when ship rolls
4) Guide shoes fore and aft rubbing faces accommodates thrust due to ship pitching.
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