[cat60y]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x7KjSLYmvJM&t=25s

1) Oct 2016 imo decide the sulphur limit (sox) under marpol VI of 0.5%m/m enter force on jan2020 

2) Ships operating within emission control area shall not exceed 0.1%m/m on or after jan2015

3) Under the marpol amendments 

• Ship shall not use non-compliant fuel oil by jan 2020, and shall not carry non- compliant fuel for use onboard by march 2020, unless the ship is using abatement technology
• Ships fitted with abatement technology, is subjected to approval of flag and may continue to use and carry non-compliant fuel.

4) Guideline for fuel oil sampling points 

• be easily and safety accessible
• be as close to fuel oil combustion machinery as safety feasible taking into account type of fuel oil, flow rate, temperature and pressure

• be clearly mark for easy identification and describe in relevant documents
• be located in position shield from any heated surface or electrical equipment, shield be sturdy to endure leaks, splashes or spray.
• Sampling arrangement provided with suitable drainage to drain tank or safe location

5) Consideration on alternative fuel

• Common explore use are LNG, electricity, methanol. Common concerns are lower flash point high volatility, low energy content per unit mass and toxicity
• international code for safety for ships using gases or low flash point fuels ( LGF code)

• Commercial factors such as cost, availability, supply infrastructure 
• Technical and operational facts such as interface with onboard machinery; retrofit, technology reliability, crew training, maintenance and support
• Environmental factors, impacts from spills

6) Compliant fuel 

• Refiners to treat the fuel or blend it with ultra- low sulfur fuel oil.
• Compliant fuel are MGO & MDO
• Widely used standard is ISO8217 issued in 2017.  It specifies the requirement of fuel for use of marine diesel engine and boiler for marine application. Standard cover the fuel characteristic, viscosity, density, cetane index, sulfur, flash point, hydrogen sulphide, acid number, total sediment, carbon residue, cloud point, pour point cold filter plugging point, appearance, ash, lubricity, vanadium, sodium, aluminum plus silicon, calcium and zinc
• Under regulation 18.3 of marpol annex 6, prohibits any chemical added to fuel oil, which sabotage safety of ship, harmful to personnel, and contributes to air pollution.
• Solas II-2 regulation 4.2 requires fuel oil to have flash point of 60degree C or higher to reduce risk of fire onboard.

 

Fuel oil (Bunker tank) Preparation to receive compliant fuel

1) Fuel oil cleaning is a important measure to avoid compatibility and stability issue while transiting to 0.5%m/m fuel from high sulphur fuel

2) There is a high risk of undetected residue of non-compliant fuel from hfo

3) If there is a fraction of hfo left in the tank, it will be contaminated m rendering the fuel non-compliant.

4) there is a risk of compatibility issue by mixing new compliant fuel with remaining HShfo causing dislodge of sediments and asphaltic sludge to system

5) Requires advance planning to mitigate this problem, manual cleaning of tank during drydock, manual cleaning during service, cleaning tank with specialize additive.

 

Scrubbers

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYJPAeLAZW8

1) Regulation 4 of marpol VI allow use of scrubber. 

2) Administration which uses scrubber shall report to imo via global integrated shipping information system platform for information. Application made to mpa through recognized organization 

3) Under 2015 the guideline for exhaust gas cleaning system specifies requirement for testing, survey certification and verification of EGC system under regulation 4.

 

Types of scrubber

1) Open loop

• Uses seawater for exhaust gas scrubbing. The Seawater is filtered for heavy metal and particulate matter and then discharged into sea containing all sulphur cleaned from exhaust

2) Closed loop 

• uses fresh water that is chemically treated by caustic soda injection to effect scrubbing

3) Hybrid 

• hybrid system operate in either open or close loop mode depending on design

 

Technical and operational matters

1) Backpressure, effect on turbochargers 

Option on multistream or single stream arrangement

There is a need for Main engine with low temp, high pressure with generator high temp, low pressure. Hence zero leak gas valves may need to be used to provide flexibility in isolating individual streams.

2) Capability of scrubber (changing water flow) to fluctuating engine load during maneuvering to be taken to consideration.

3) Corrosion

Use of super duplex material, high temperature acid resistant coating and glass reinforce epoxy (GRE) to mitigate issue with corrosion.

More attention to be paid on potential corrosion problem on the shell in vicinity of wash water outlet.

[icedcappucino]

IMO 2020 SHIP IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

1) Risk assessment and mitigation plan (impact of new fuels)
– Capability of fuel injection pumps, boiler, purifier = Verify machinery performance on new fuel oil. If needed, change machinery components
– Compatibility of different fuels during bunker or changeover = Carry out test and segregate different fuels
– Sulphur non-compliant if compliant fuels not available
– Crew preparedness = Training for changeover procedure

2) F.O system modifications and tank cleaning (if needed)
– Schedule meeting with manufacturers and/or class societies
– Any structural modifications required? Such as F.O storage system, transfer, filtration and delivery systems, combustion equipment
+ Consider replacing fuel injection pump plunger barrel and fuel injection valve nozzles due to increased F.O leakage
– Tank cleaning

3) Fuel oil capacity and segregation capability
0.5% sulphur content = No. of bunker tanks and total storage capacity (m3)
0.1% sulphur content = No. of bunker tanks and total storage capacity (m3)
– Approx. total fuel oil content (m3) in F.O transfer, purification and delivery system

4) Procurement of compliant fuel oil
– Fuel purchasing procedure to source for compliant fuels and plan if compliant F.O not available

5) Fuel oil changeover plan
– Ship specific plan
+ Offload or consume HSHFO
+ Demonstrate planning for all combustion units on LSFO by 1 Jan 2020
+ Maximum time period required for changeover & expected date and time of completion
+ Crew training, sufficient time for new crew familiarisation

6) Documentation and reporting
– Any modifications done? Update related docs (e.g. F.O tank management plans and stability and trim booklets)
– Ship implementation plan kept onboard and updated
– If using non-compliant oil, plan for limiting impact (Fuel Oil Non Availability Report = FONAR)

—

TANK CLEANING

CAUSE: HSHFO causes residues (sediments + sludge) in tanks and pipelines

EFFECT: 0.5% sulphur content fuel (paraffinic) + HSHFO residues = residues clog up purifier & filters -> fuel starvation

SOLUTION:
– Ship specific changeover procedures to gradually flush F.O system = reduce sulphur content
– Tank cleaning depends on last cleaning date, condition of tank coating, cleaning process effectiveness

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