[icedcappucino]

The vessel are normally outfitted with electrohydraulic cranes. C/O must give proper training to the crew for operation of the crane. Vessel should have one set of hydraulic hose at all times. Hydraulic rams should be greased once in 3 months. This to prevent oil seals from salt and debris deposits on the hydraulic Rams. Prior operation of the cranes, oil level and limit switches are to be tested.
Rocking test of the cranes is to be done as per PMS routine.
Inspection of the crane stool space is to be carried out frequently and immediately after rough weather. Greasing of the slewing bearing/ rotational bearing is to be done frequently. While greasing slewing operation should be carried out.
Greasing/maintenance of the wires to be regularly done, during this time sheave bearings should also be greased. C/O must ensure that the hook latch is able to move freely. For spring loaded latch, there is positive closing against the open face of hook.

• This topic was modified 1 year, 9 months ago by icedcappucino.

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OVERHEAD CRANE TERMINOLOGY

OVERHEAD CRANE TERMINOLOGY
AUXILIARY HOIST: Supplemental hoisting unit usually of lower load rating and higher speed than the main hoist.
AXLE, FIXED: A shaft which is fixed in the end truck and about which the wheel revolves.
AXLE, ROTATING: A shaft which is fixed in the wheel and which rotates on bearings fixed in the end truck.
BEARING LIFE: The B-10 life of an anti-friction bearing is the minimum expected life in hours of 90% of a group of
bearings which are operating at a given speed and loading.
BEARING, LIFETIME LUBRICATED: An anti-friction bearing which is provided with seals and a high-stability
oxidation-resistant grease to permit operation of the bearing without re-lubrication for not less than the specified
B-10 life.
BLOCK, LOAD: The assembly of hook, swivel, bearings, sheaves, pins and frame suspended from the hoisting
ropes. In a “short type” block, the hook and the sheaves are mounted on the same member, called the swivel. In
a “long type” block, the hook and the sheaves are mounted on separate members. (The supporting member for
the sheaves is called the sheave pin and the supporting member for the hook is called the trunnion.)
BLOCK, UPPER: A fixed assembly of sheaves, bearings, pins and frame, located on the trolley cross members,
and which supports the load block and its load by means of the ropes.
BOGIE: A short end truck attached to the end of one girder (or to a connecting member if more than one bogie is
used per girder). This type of end truck is used when more than four wheels are required on a crane due to the
design of the runway.
BOGIE, EQUALIZING: A short end truck which is flexibly connected to one girder (or connecting member)
by means of a pin upon which the truck can oscillate to equalize the loading on the two truck wheels. This
construction uses a very rigid end tie between the girders.
BOGIE, FIXED: A short end truck which is rigidly connected to one girder. A flexible end tie is used between the
girders to permit equalization of the wheel loads by torsional deflection of the girders and flexing of the end tie.
BOOM (OF GANTRY CRANES): An extension of the trolley runway that may be raised or retracted to obtain
clearance for gantry travel.
BOOM (OF OVERHEAD CRANES): A horizontal member mounted on the trolley to permit hoisting and lowering the
load at a point other than directly under the hoist drum or trolley.
BRAKE: A device, other than a motor, used for retarding or stopping motion by friction or power means.
BRAKE, EDDY CURRENT: A device for controlling load speed in the hoisting or lowering direction by placing
a supplementary load on the motor. This load results from the interaction of magnetic fields produced by
an adjustable direct current in the stator coils and induced currents in the rotor.
BRAKE, HOLDING: A friction brake for a hoist that is automatically applied and prevents motion when
power to the brake is off.
BRAKE, MECHANICAL LOAD: An automatic type of friction brake used for controlling loads in a lowering
direction. This unidirectional device requires torque from the motor to lower a load but does not impose any
additional load on the motor when lifting a load.
BRAKE, PARKING: A friction brake for bridge or trolley, automatically applied when power to the crane is
interrupted.
1/8
BRAKING
BRAKING, CONTROL: A method of controlling speed by removing energy from the moving body or by
imparting energy in the opposite direction.
BRAKING, COUNTER TORQUE (PLUGGING): A method of controlling speed by reversing the motor line
voltage polarity or phase sequence to develop torque in the direction opposite the rotation of the motor.
BRAKING, DYNAMIC: A method of controlling speed by using the motor as a generator, with the energy
being dissipated in resistors.
BRAKING, EDDY CURRENT: A method of controlling or reducing speed by means of an electrical induction
load brake.
BRAKING, EMERGENCY: A method of decelerating a drive when power is not available. The braking effort
may be established as a result of action by the operator, or automatically when power to the drive is
interrupted.
BRAKING, HYDRAULIC: A method of controlling or reducing speed by means of displacement of a liquid.
BRAKING MEANS: A method or device used for stopping/holding motion by friction or power.
BRAKING, MECHANICAL: A method of controlling or reducing speed by friction.
BRAKING, PNEUMATIC: A method of controlling or reducing speed by means of compressed gas.
BRAKING, REGENERATIVE: A method of controlling speed in which the electrical energy generated by the
motor is fed back into the power system.
BRAKING, SERVICE: A method to decelerate crane motion during normal operation.
BRIDGE: The part of a crane consisting of one or more girders, trucks, end ties, foot walks, and drive
mechanism, which carries the trolley or trolleys.
BRIDGE TRAVEL: The crane movement in a direction parallel to the crane runway.
BUMPER (BUFFER): A device for reducing impact when a moving crane or trolley reaches the end of its permitted
travel, or when two moving cranes or trolleys come into contact. This device may be attached to the bridge,
trolley, or runway stop.
CAB: The operator’s compartment used for controlling crane..
CAB, NORMAL: Operator’s compartment used for controlling a cab-operated crane.
CAB, SKELETON: Operator’s compartment used for occasional cab operation of a normally floor- or remoteoperated crane.
CAMBER: The slight, upward, vertical curve given to girders to partially compensate for deflection due to rated
load and weight of the crane parts.
CANTILEVER FRAME: A structural member that supports the trolley of a wall crane,
CLEARANCE: The minimum distance from any part of the crane to the point of nearest obstruction.
COLLECTORS, CURRENT: Contacting devices for collecting current from runway or bridge conductors.
CONDUCTORS
CONDUCTORS, BRIDGE: The electrical conductors located along the bridge structure of a crane that
transmit control signals and power to the trolley(s).
CONDUCTORS, RUNWAY (MAIN): The electrical conductors located along a crane runway that transmit
control signals and power to the crane.
OVERHEAD CRANE TERMINOLOGY CONTINUTED
2/8
CONTROLLER: A device or group of devices that serves to govern, in a predetermined manner, the power
delivered directly to the apparatus to which it is connected.
CONTROLLER, MANUAL: A controller having all of its basic functions performed by devices that are
operated by hand.
CONTROLLER, SPRING RETURN: A controller that, when released, will return automatically to a neutral
(off) position.
CONTROL PANEL: An assembly of components (magnetic, static, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc.) that governs the flow
of power to or from a motor or other equipment in response to signals from a master switch, push-button station,
remote control, automatic program, or other similar device.
COUNTERTORQUE: A method of control by which the power to the motor is reversed to develop torque in the
opposite direction to the rotation of the motor.
COVER PLATE: The top or bottom plate of a box girder.
CRANE: A machine for lifting and lowering a load and moving it horizontally, with the hoisting: mechanism being
an integral part of the machine.
CRANE, AUTOMATIC: A crane which, when activated, operates through a preset cycle or cycles.
CRANE, CAB OPERATED: A crane whose movements are controlled by an operator through the use of
controllers located in a cab that is attached to the crane.
CRANE, CANTILEVER GANTRY: A gantry or semigantry crane in which the bridge girders or trusses extend
transversely beyond the crane runway on one or both sides.
CRANE, FLOOR-OPERATED: A crane whose movements are controlled by an operator through the use of
controllers contained in a pendant station suspended from the crane.
CRANE, GANTRY: A crane similar to an overhead crane except that the bridge for carrying the trolley or
trolleys is rigidly supported on two or more legs running on fixed rails or other runway.
CRANE, HOT MOLTEN-MATERIAL-HANDLING (LADLE): An overhead crane used for transporting or pouring
molten material.
CRANE, MANUALLY OPERATED: A crane whose hoist mechanism is driven by pulling an endless chain, or
whose travel mechanism is driven in the same manner or by manually moving the load or hook.
CRANE, OUTDOOR: An overhead or gantry crane that operates outdoors and for which provisions are not
available for storage in an area that provides protection to the crane from weather conditions. An indoor
crane that may operate outdoors on a periodic basis is not classified as an outdoor crane.
CRANE, OUTDOOR STORAGE GANTRY: A special type of gantry crane of long span and with long legs,
usually used for the storage of bulk material such as ore, coal, limestone, or sand. This type of crane
normally will have one or two cantilevered girder ends with through legs.
CRANE, OVERHEAD: A crane with a single or multiple girder movable bridge carrying a movable or fixed
hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead fixed runway structure.
CRANE, POLAR: An overhead or gantry crane that travels on a circular runway.
CRANE, POWER-OPERATED: A crane whose mechanism is driven by electric, pneumatic, hydraulic, or
internal combustion means.
OVERHEAD CRANE TERMINOLOGY CONTINUTED
3/8
CRANE, PULPIT-OPERATED: A crane whose movements are controlled by an operator through the use of
controllers located in a control room or a fixed or movable cab or platform that is independent of the crane.
CRANE, REMOTE-OPERATED: A crane whose movements are controlled by an operator through the use of
controllers contained in a portable operating station not attached to the crane.
CRANE, SEMIGANTRY: A gantry with one end of the bridge rigidly supported on one or more legs that
run on a fixed rail or runway, the other end of the bridge being supported by an end truck running on an
elevated rail or runway.
CRANE, STANDBY: A crane not in regular service that is used occasionally or intermittently as required.
CRANE, WALL: A crane having a cantilever frame with or without trolley, and supported from a side wall or
line of columns of a building. It is a traveling type and operates on a runway attached to the side wall or
columns.
CRITICAL LOAD: As defined by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, “A critical load is a load of magnitude or kind
that under certain conditions, if dropped, could result in damage leading to unacceptable release of radioactivity
or impair the capability to safely shut down the plant.”
CREEP SPEED: A very slow, constant, continuous, fixed rate of motion of the hoist, trolley, or bridge: usually
established at 1% to 10% of the normal full load speed.
DEFLECTION, DEAD LOAD: The vertical displacement of a bridge girder due to its own weight plus the weight of
parts permanently attached thereto, such as footwalk, drive mechanism, motor and control panels. The dead
load deflection is fully compensated for in the girder camber.
DEFLECTION, LIVE LOAD: The vertical displacement of a bridge girder due to the weight of the trolley plus the
rated load.
DESIGNATED PERSON: A person selected or assigned by the employer or the employer’s representative as being
competent to perform specific duties.
DIAPHRAGM: A vertical plate (or channel) between the girder webs, which serves to support the top cover plate
and bridge rail and to transfer the forces of the trolley wheel loads to the webs.
DRIFT POINT: A point on a travel motion master switch or on a manual controller that maintains the brake
released while the motor is not energized. This allows for coasting.
DRIVE: The assembly of the motor and gear unit used to propel the bridge or trolley.
DRUM: The cylindrical member around which the ropes are wound for lifting or lowering the load.
DYNAMIC: A method of controlling speed by using the motor as a generator, with the energy being dissipated in
resistors.
EDDY CURRENT: A method of controlling or reducing speed by means of an electrical induction load brake.
END TIE: A structural member that connects the ends of the bridge girders to maintain squareness of the bridge.
END TRUCK: An assembly consisting of structural members, wheels, bearings, axles, etc., which supports the
bridge girder(s) or the trolley cross member(s).
EQUALIZER: A device that compensates for unequal length or stretch of a rope.
EXPOSED: Applies to hazardous objects not guarded or isolated, and capable of being contacted inadvertently.
FLEET ANGLE: The angle formed by the wire rope and the drum groove or sheave groove in the plane which
contains the wire rope and is parallel to the drum or sheave axis.
FOOTWALK: A walkway with handrail and toe boards, attached to the bridge or trolley for access purposes.
GANTRY LEG: The structural member that supports a bridge girder or end tie from the sill.
GAUGE: The horizontal distance center to center of the bridge rails.
OVERHEAD CRANE TERMINOLOGY CONTINUTED
4/8
GIRDER
GIRDER, BRIDGE: The principal horizontal beam(s) of the crane, which supports the trolley, is supported by
the end trucks, and is perpendicular to the runway.
GIRDER, DRIVE (GIRDER “A”/”G1”): The bridge girder to which the bridge motor and gearcase(s) are
attached. For cranes having a drive on each girder, it is the girder to which the control panels and/or the
cab are attached.
GIRDER, IDLER (GIRDER “B”/”G2”): The bridge girder which does not have the bridge drive attached, but
which usually carries the bridge conductors.
GIRDER, RUNWAY: A horizontal beam attached to the building columns.
GIRDER, AUXILIARY (OUTRIGGER): An additional girder, either solid or latticed, arranged parallel to the
bridge girder(s) for supporting the footwalk, control panels, operator’s cab, etc., to reduce the torsional
forces such loads might otherwise impose.
HOIST: A machinery unit that is used for lifting or lowering a load.
HOIST, AUXILIARY: A supplemental hoisting unit, usually designed to handle lighter loads at a higher
speed than the main hoist.
HOIST, MAIN: The primary hoist mechanism provided for lifting and lowering the rated load of the crane.
HOIST MOTION: Motion that lifts or lowers a load.
HOOK APPROACH, END: The minimum horizontal distance, parallel to the runway, between the centerline of the
hook and the face of the wall (or columns) at the end of the building.
HOOK APPROACH, SIDE: The minimum horizontal distance, perpendicular to the runway, between the centerline
of a hook (main or auxiliary) and the centerline of the runway rail.
HOOK, LATCH-EQUIPPED: A type of hook with a mechanical device to close the throat opening of the hook.
INCH (INCHING): See “jog.” Often used incorrectly to refer to “creep speed.”
JOG (INCH): To move the hook, trolley, or bridge in a series of short, discontinuous, increments by momentary
operation of a controller.
LEFTHAND END: A reference to parts or dimensions on the viewer’s left of the centerline of span, established
when facing the drive girder side of the crane.
LIFT (HOOK TRAVEL): The maximum vertical distance through which the hook can move, as determined by the
length of rope and/or the number of grooves on the drum.
LIFTING DEVICES: Devices that are not reeved onto the hoist ropes, such as hook-on buckets, magnets, grabs,
and other supplemental devices used for ease of handling certain types of loads. The weight of these devices is
to be considered part of the rated load.
LIMIT DEVICE: A device that is operated by some part or motion of a power-driven hoist, trolley, or bridge to limit
motion.
LIMIT SWITCH: An electrical device which is operated by the bridge, trolley, or hoist motion to disconnect the
circuit, to establish a new circuit, or to provide a warning.
OVERHEAD CRANE TERMINOLOGY CONTINUTED
5/8
OVERHEAD CRANE TERMINOLOGY CONTINUTED
LOAD: The total superimposed weight on the load block or hook.
LOAD, DEAD: The load(s) on a portion of the crane, which remain(s) in a fixed position relative to the
member being considered.
LOAD, LIVE: A load which moves or varies relative to the member being considered. For the trolley, the live
load consists of the rated load plus the weight of the block. For the bridge, the live load consists of the
rated load plus the weight of the trolley.
LOAD, RATED: The maximum static vertical load for which a crane or an individual hoist is designed.
LOAD BLOCK: The assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bearing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the
hoisting rope or load chain. This shall include any appurtenances reeved in the hoisting ropes.
LOAD FLOAT: A control system which enables Stepless operation of a hoist in either the lifting or lowering
direction for a range of about 04% of full rated speed, as well as permitting the load to be suspended stationary
for a very short time with the holding brake(s) released.
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT: The placement of a lock/ tag on the energy isolating device with an established procedure.
MAIN HOIST: The primary hoist mechanism provided for coasting. lifting and lowering the rated load.
MAIN TROLLEY: A trolley having an operator’s cab attached to it.
MASTER SWITCH: A manually operated device which governs the operation of contactors and/or auxiliary
devices of an electric control.
MECHANICAL: A method of controlling or reducing speed by friction.
MESSENGER TRACK: A horizontal member, mounted along a handrail or girder, supporting movable carriers from
which festooned wires are hung. The festooned wires may be used to transmit current from the bridge to the
trolley or from the bridge to a pendant control unit.
NON-COASTING MECHANICAL DRIVE: A drive that automatically results in decelerating a trolley or bridge when
power is not available.
NORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
CAB-OPERATED CRANES: Conditions during which a crane is performing functions within the scope of the
original design. Under these conditions, the operator is at the operating control devices, and there is no
other person on the crane.
FLOOR-OPERATED CRANES: Conditions during which a crane is performing functions within the scope
of the original design. Under these conditions, the operator is at the operating control devices that are
attached to the crane but operated with the operator off the crane, and there is no person on the crane.
REMOTE-OPERATED CRANES: Conditions during which a crane is performing functions within the scope
of the original design. Under these conditions, the operator is at the operating control devices that are not
attached to any part of the crane.
OVERLOAD: Any hook load greater than the rated load.
PARTS OF LINE: The number of lines of rope supporting the load block.
PENDANT STATION: Controls suspended from the crane for operating the unit from the floor.
PITCH DIAMETER: The distance, measured through the center of a drum or sheave, from center to center of a
rope passed about the periphery of the drum or sheave.
PLUG: To operate a controller in such a manner that the motor line voltage polarity or phase sequence is
reversed before the motor rotation has stopped, thereby developing a counter torque which acts as a retarding
force.
6/8
OVERHEAD CRANE TERMINOLOGY CONTINUTED
PLUGGING RELAY: A current relay used on a bridge or trolley control panel which senses current in the motor
secondary circuit of an alternating current motor and limits reverse torque of the motor to the first control point
until the motor rotation has stopped. In a direct current control panel, the relay performs the same function by
establishing a patented.
PRIMARY UPPER-LIMIT DEVICE: The first device that, when actuated, limits hoisting motion in the upward
direction.
RAIL, BRIDGE: The track supported by the bridge girder(s), on which the trolley travels.
RAIL, RUNWAY: The track supported by the runway beams, on which the crane travels.
RAIL SWEEP: A device attached to the crane and located in front of the crane’s leading wheels to remove
obstructions.
RATED LOAD (CAPACITY): The maximum load designated by the manufacturer for which a crane or individual
hoist is designed and built.
RIGHTHAND END: A reference to parts or dimensions on the viewer’s right of the centerline of span, established
when facing the drive girder side of the crane.
REEVING: A system in which a rope travels around drums or sheaves.
RUNWAY: An assembly of rails, beams, girders, brackets, and framework on which the crane travels.
SECONDARY VOLTAGE: The induced open-circuit voltage in the rotor of a wound-rotor (slipring) motor at
standstill, as measured across the slip rings with rated voltage applied to the primary (stator) winding.
SERVICE PLATFORM: A means provided for workers to perform maintenance, inspections, adjustments, and
repairs of cranes.
SHAFT, CROSS (SQUARING SHAFT) (DRIVE SHAFT): The shaft(s) extending the length of the bridge, used to
transmit torque from the motor to a wheel(s) at each end of the bridge.
SHEAVE: A grooved wheel or pulley used with a rope to change direction and point of application of a pulling
force.
SHEAVE, NONRUNNING (EQUALIZER): A sheave used to equalize tension in opposite parts of the rope.
Because of its slight movement, it is not termed a running sheave.
SHEAVE, RUNNING: A sheave that rotates as the load block is lifted or lowered.
SIDE PULL: The portion of the hoist pull acting horizontally when the hoist lines are not operated vertically.
SILLS: Horizontal structural members that connect the lower ends of two or more legs of a gantry crane on one
runway.
SPAN: The horizontal distance, center to center, between runway rails.
SPRING RETURN: A device used on a manual controller, master switch, or pushbutton to cause the unit to return
automatically to the neutral position, when released by the operator.
STOP: A device to limit travel of a trolley or crane bridge. This device normally is attached to a fixed structure and
normally does not have energy-absorbing ability.
7/8
OVERHEAD CRANE TERMINOLOGY CONTINUTED
SWITCH
SWITCH, EMERGENCY STOP: A manually actuated switch to disconnect power independently of the regular
operating controls.
SWITCH, LIMIT: A device that is actuated by the motion of a part of a power-driven machine or equipment
to alter or disconnect the electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic circuit associated with the machine or
equipment. switch, main (crane disconnect): a switch on the crane controlling the main power supply from
the runway conductors.
SWITCH, MASTER: A switch that dominates the operation of contactors, relays, or other remotely operated
devices.
SWITCH, MASTER, SPRING-RETURN: A master switch that, when released, will return automatically to a
neutral (off) position.
SWITCH, RUNWAY DISCONNECT: A switch, usually at floor level, controlling the main power supply to the
runway conductors.
SWITCH, VALVE: A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electric, hydraulic, or
pneumatic circuit.
TORQUE
TORQUE, LOCKED-ROTOR: The minimum torque which a squirrel-cage motor will develop at rest, for all
angular positions of the rotor, with rated voltage applied at rated frequency. Not applicable to wound-rotor
(slipring) motors.
TORQUE, MOTOR BREAKDOWN: The maximum torque which a squirrel-cage or wound-rotor (slip-ring)
motor will develop with rated voltage applied at rated frequency, without an abrupt drop in speed.
TORQUE, MOTOR FULL-LOAD: The torque developed by an electric motor (A.C. or D.C.) to produce its rated
horsepower at rated full-load speed.
TORQUE, MOTOR PULL-UP: The minimum torque developed by a squirrel-cage or wound-rotor (slipring)
motor during the period of acceleration from rest to the speed at which breakdown torque occurs. For
squirrel-cage motors with 8% or greater slip, the pull-up torque, the break down torque, and the starting
torque are all equal and occur at zero speed.
TROLLEY: The unit that travels on the bridge rails and supports the load block.
TROLLEY TRAVEL: The trolley movement.
TRUCK: A unit consisting of a frame, wheels, bearings, and axles that supports the bridge girders, the end ties of
an overhead crane, or the sill of a gantry crane.
TWO-BLOCKING: Inadvertent physical contact between the load block and the upper block or other part of the
trolley.
UPPER BLOCK: A fixed block located on a trolley that, through a system of sheaves, bearings, pins, and frame,
supports the load block and its load.
WEB PLATE: The vertical plate(s) connecting the upper and lower flanges or cover plates of a girder.
WHEELBASE: The distance from center .to center of the outermost wheels of the bridge or trolley, measured
parallel to the rail.
WHEEL LOAD, BRIDGE: The vertical force (without impact) produced on any bridge wheel by the sum of the rated
load, trolley weight and bridge weight, with the trolley so positioned on the bridge as to give maximum loading.
WHEEL LOAD, TROLLEY: The vertical force (without impact) produced on any trolley wheel by the sum of the
rated load and the trolley weight.
8/8

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