[icedcappucino]

21 areas

NEW HAZARDS
– casualties to lights, buoys, fog signals
– new nav aids
– tows in congested waters
– drifting mines
– SAR/ anti pollution areas being carried out (for avoidance)
– rocks, shoals, reefs, wrecks
– cables, pipe laying activities
– establishment of offshore structures
– special operations – military exercises, space missions, nuclear tests etc.

Types of warnings
1) Navigational warnings
– Ocean going mariners require for safe navigation
– broadcast from NAVTEX stations in English (navarea co-ordinator for that area)
2) Coastal warnings
– broadcast by national coordinator
– upto about 250 miles
– Broadcast on NAVTEX
– also VHF r/t
– English and local language

3) Local warnings
– within inshore waters
– port pilotage or coastguard authorities
– broadcast in English

International SAFETYNET service
– inmarsat

NAVTEX
– NBDP (narrow band direct printing telegraphy)
– 518 kHz

VHF r/t

Admiralty notices to mariners

Hydrolants and hydropacs:
US radio navigational warnings.
Originated by DMAHC (Defence Mapping Agency Hydrographic Center).
Broadcasted twice daily via US navy and US coastguard radio stations.
Published in Sec-3 of US notices to mariners.

Hydrolant areas:
North Atlantic ocean
South Atlantic ocean
Caribbean seas
Gulf of Mexico
Mediterranean seas
North seas
Contiguous areas.

Hydropac areas:
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
South China Seas
Contiguous area

Fine for misuse of distress signal
10000 $ or one year imprisonment or both

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